Constantinou, Phoebe, Manson, Mara, Silverman, Stephen wrote "Female Students' Perceptions About Gender - Role Stereotypes and Their Influence on Attitude Toward Physical Education" in Spring 2009. The thesis is about how females are getting involved in more physical activity. The article explains how gender impairs people judgement about if they should involve themselves in sports. It mainly talks about 7th and 8th grade students in a suburban school. But you can relate this study to any age group. It talks about how female are far more competitive than males. "Gender is a socially constructed pattern behavior" It is hard to change social patterns and it will be different to change because each social and economic group is different. And it will be a hard process to change. The study showed that the safer the environment was the more the females would participate. I agree with this article because the girls in my subculture are very competitive but the sport that they chose to get involved in is dangerous. I could use this source to explain the importance of what it means to the girls to participate in throwing and how they work as hard as men and how all females don't like t play it safe.
Peter Donnelly of McMaster University and Kevin Young of University of Calgary wrote "The Construction and Confirmation of Identity in Sport Subcultures" in 1988. The thesis of the article states that the roles and identities of members of subcultures should not be thought of as static positions and entities. All subcultures are different and each of them have the own rules and regulations to follow and new recruitment have to go through the different task to become apart of the group. Many subcultures go through the different "career stages" such as presocialization which is all the information an individual acquires about a specific subculture prior to initial participation in the subculture. Selection and Recruitment which is a more flexible stage because it can be renewed if a new comer is geographically mobile and wants to maintain a membership. And at this stage new individuals can become apart of the subculture. Socialization is when an initially active but ongoing stage wherein members undergo training in the characteristics of the subculture. In this stage they learn to adopt the values and perspectives of the group. And the last stage is Acceptance and Ostracism is when the members of the subculture of your choice accepts everything about you and they learn your values and interest like you did with the first stage of the process. This article helped me understand more about how to approach my subculture and how to understand them more. I know that every individual is different but when they come together as a whole they share the same values and beliefs. And now I know that those are the aspects to construct a subculture and that's how they get along with one another. And although many subcultures are able to tolerate diversity, there are some critical aspects for which little tolerance is allowed.
Shelly A. McGrath of University of Alabama and Ruth A. Chananie-Hill of University of Northern Iowa wrote "Big Freaky Women": Normalizing Gender Transgression Through Bodybuilding. This article focuses on the aspect of female bodybuilding. The authors were trying to see if the way women are build have an affect on their everyday lives and are they perceived differently from the petite and girlie women. In the article the authors observed ten female bodybuilders to see how their appearance affects what goes on in their life. One of the builders was a woman named Carla she is mixed with African American and Ghanaian. And she said "My family gives me a hard time because of the increase in my muscularity and my dedication to the sport ". She has to consider her family values as well as her own beliefs and they contradict with one another because Americans do things different from her country. And another woman named Bev mentioned that her brothers would make fun of her body because of their Palestinian views regarding female gender roles. Most of the women continued to do bodybuilding even though it their cultural backgrounds don't agree with their decision. The article explains some of the stereotypes and biases that I had of my subculture. The girls don't participate in the sports because of how they look, they do it because they love to play it or their interest out weighs the opinions of outsiders.
Peter Donnelly of McMaster University and Kevin Young of University of Calgary wrote "The Construction and Confirmation of Identity in Sport Subcultures" in 1988. The thesis of the article states that the roles and identities of members of subcultures should not be thought of as static positions and entities. All subcultures are different and each of them have the own rules and regulations to follow and new recruitment have to go through the different task to become apart of the group. Many subcultures go through the different "career stages" such as presocialization which is all the information an individual acquires about a specific subculture prior to initial participation in the subculture. Selection and Recruitment which is a more flexible stage because it can be renewed if a new comer is geographically mobile and wants to maintain a membership. And at this stage new individuals can become apart of the subculture. Socialization is when an initially active but ongoing stage wherein members undergo training in the characteristics of the subculture. In this stage they learn to adopt the values and perspectives of the group. And the last stage is Acceptance and Ostracism is when the members of the subculture of your choice accepts everything about you and they learn your values and interest like you did with the first stage of the process. This article helped me understand more about how to approach my subculture and how to understand them more. I know that every individual is different but when they come together as a whole they share the same values and beliefs. And now I know that those are the aspects to construct a subculture and that's how they get along with one another. And although many subcultures are able to tolerate diversity, there are some critical aspects for which little tolerance is allowed.
Shelly A. McGrath of University of Alabama and Ruth A. Chananie-Hill of University of Northern Iowa wrote "Big Freaky Women": Normalizing Gender Transgression Through Bodybuilding. This article focuses on the aspect of female bodybuilding. The authors were trying to see if the way women are build have an affect on their everyday lives and are they perceived differently from the petite and girlie women. In the article the authors observed ten female bodybuilders to see how their appearance affects what goes on in their life. One of the builders was a woman named Carla she is mixed with African American and Ghanaian. And she said "My family gives me a hard time because of the increase in my muscularity and my dedication to the sport ". She has to consider her family values as well as her own beliefs and they contradict with one another because Americans do things different from her country. And another woman named Bev mentioned that her brothers would make fun of her body because of their Palestinian views regarding female gender roles. Most of the women continued to do bodybuilding even though it their cultural backgrounds don't agree with their decision. The article explains some of the stereotypes and biases that I had of my subculture. The girls don't participate in the sports because of how they look, they do it because they love to play it or their interest out weighs the opinions of outsiders.
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